The original track this remix is based on is called "Locked Girl ~ The Girl's Sealed Room", composed by ZUN. It plays during a boss fight against Patchouli Knowledge in the Touhou game Embodiment of Scarlet Devil.
This song has previously been featured in Muse Dash as part of the Touhou Mugakudan -II- Pack.
Credit for the artwork in the preview image: @SevenDayMage on Twitter.